Brompheniramine is an antihistamine medication commonly used to relieve symptoms associated with allergic conditions such as hay fever, allergic rhinitis, and urticaria (hives). It belongs to the class of first-generation antihistamines and works by blocking the effects of histamine, a substance in the body that contributes to allergic reactions.
Recommended Dose and Dosage Regimen
The recommended dose of brompheniramine varies depending on the age of the patient and the severity of symptoms. For adults and children over 12 years old, the typical dose is 4 mg every 4 to 6 hours, not to exceed 24 mg in a 24-hour period. Dosage adjustments may be necessary for pediatric patients based on age and weight.
Frequency of Administration
Brompheniramine is usually administered orally and can be taken with or without food. The frequency of administration is typically every 4 to 6 hours as needed for symptom relief. It is essential to follow the dosing schedule provided by the healthcare provider or the instructions on the medication label.
Route of Administration
Brompheniramine is available in various formulations, including tablets, capsules, and oral solutions. It is taken by mouth, and the tablets or capsules should be swallowed whole with a full glass of water. Chewable tablets should be chewed thoroughly before swallowing.
Mechanism of Action (MOA)
Brompheniramine exerts its pharmacological effects by competitively blocking histamine H1 receptors, thereby preventing the action of histamine on target cells. By inhibiting histamine-mediated responses, brompheniramine helps to alleviate allergic symptoms such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes.
Pharmacokinetics (PK)
Following oral administration, brompheniramine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 2 to 4 hours. It undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver, primarily via the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, and is excreted mainly in the urine as metabolites. The elimination half-life of brompheniramine is approximately 20 hours.
Pharmacodynamics (PD)
Brompheniramine’s pharmacodynamic effects include reducing the permeability of capillaries, decreasing the release of histamine, and blocking the action of histamine on various target tissues. These actions help to alleviate allergic symptoms and provide relief from itching, sneezing, and nasal congestion associated with allergic reactions.
Indications
- Relief of symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
- Management of symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis
- Treatment of urticaria (hives) and other allergic skin conditions
- Adjunctive therapy in the treatment of allergic reactions to insect bites or stings
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to brompheniramine or any component of the formulation
- Use of brompheniramine in newborn or premature infants
- Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days of discontinuing MAOI therapy
Precautions
- Use with caution in elderly patients, as they may be more susceptible to anticholinergic side effects such as confusion, drowsiness, or constipation
- Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until the effects of brompheniramine are known, as it may cause drowsiness or impairment of cognitive function
- Monitor pediatric patients closely for signs of paradoxical excitability or hyperactivity, especially with high doses or prolonged use
Side Effects
- Drowsiness or sedation
- Dry mouth
- Blurred vision
- Constipation
- Urinary retention
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Nausea or upset stomach
- Headache
Usage Instructions
- Take brompheniramine exactly as directed by your healthcare provider or as indicated on the medication label.
- Swallow the tablets or capsules whole with a full glass of water. Do not crush or chew extended-release formulations unless directed to do so.
- Store brompheniramine at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep the medication out of reach of children.
- If you miss a dose of brompheniramine, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
Conclusion
Brompheniramine is an effective antihistamine medication widely used for the relief of allergic symptoms, including sneezing, itching, runny nose, and watery eyes. Understanding its recommended dosage, frequency of administration, route of administration, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, indications, contraindications, precautions, side effects, and usage instructions is crucial for safe and effective use in patients with allergic conditions. Close monitoring and appropriate patient education are essential components of brompheniramine therapy to ensure optimal treatment outcomes and minimize the risk of adverse effects.
Important Note: Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized medical advice and guidance regarding the use of given drug, especially regarding dosing, administration, and potential side effects. Your healthcare provider can provide tailored recommendations based on your individual medical history, current medications, and specific treatment needs. Never self-adjust your given drug regimen or discontinue treatment without first consulting your healthcare provider. If you have any questions or concerns about given drug or its use, talk to your doctor or pharmacist for further information and assistance.