DOSE AND DOSAGE:
- The typical dose of calcium carbonate varies depending on the specific formulation and the indication.
- For calcium supplementation, doses typically range from 500 mg to 1,500 mg orally per day, usually divided into 2 to 3 doses.
- For the treatment of acid indigestion or heartburn, doses typically range from 500 mg to 2,000 mg orally as needed, not exceeding 7,500 mg in 24 hours.
FREQUENCY:
- The frequency of dosing depends on the indication and the specific product used.
- For calcium supplementation, doses may be taken 2 to 3 times daily with meals.
- For the treatment of acid indigestion or heartburn, doses may be taken as needed, but not more frequently than directed on the product label or as advised by a healthcare professional.
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION (ROA):
- Calcium carbonate is administered orally in the form of tablets, chewable tablets, capsules, or liquid suspensions.
MECHANISM OF ACTION (MOA):
- Calcium carbonate supplements provide elemental calcium, which is necessary for various physiological processes, including bone formation, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and blood clotting.
PHARMACOKINETICS (PK):
- After oral administration, calcium carbonate is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the duodenum and jejunum.
- Absorption is enhanced in an acidic environment.
- Calcium absorption may be decreased by factors such as low stomach acid, certain medications, and high-fiber diets.
PHARMACODYNAMICS (PD):
- Calcium plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health, muscle function, nerve transmission, and blood clotting.
- Adequate calcium intake is essential for maintaining bone density and preventing osteoporosis.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
- Calcium carbonate is used to supplement dietary calcium intake in individuals with inadequate calcium levels.
- It is also used as an antacid to relieve symptoms of acid indigestion, heartburn, and upset stomach.
INDICATIONS:
- Calcium carbonate is indicated for calcium supplementation in individuals with calcium deficiency and as an antacid for the relief of acid indigestion, heartburn, and upset stomach.
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
- Contraindications may include hypercalcemia (high blood calcium levels), hypercalciuria (excessive urinary calcium excretion), kidney stones, hypophosphatemia, and conditions requiring a low-calcium diet.
- Individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to calcium carbonate should also avoid its use.
DRUG INTERACTIONS:
- Calcium carbonate may interact with other medications, including tetracycline antibiotics, quinolone antibiotics, bisphosphonates, thyroid hormones, and certain medications used to treat osteoporosis or prevent bone loss.
- Concurrent use of calcium carbonate with these medications may interfere with their absorption or efficacy.
MONITORING AND LABORATORY TESTS:
- Monitoring of serum calcium levels may be necessary, especially in individuals receiving long-term calcium supplementation.
- Periodic monitoring of kidney function, including serum creatinine and urinary calcium levels, may be recommended in certain populations.
- Regular monitoring of bone density may be indicated in individuals at risk of osteoporosis or bone loss.
Why is this medication prescribed?
Calcium carbonate is commonly prescribed for the following reasons:
- To supplement calcium intake in individuals with calcium deficiency or inadequate dietary calcium.
- To relieve symptoms of acid indigestion, heartburn, and upset stomach as an antacid.
How should this medicine be used?
The usage instructions for calcium carbonate vary based on the specific formulation and indication. Generally:
- For calcium supplementation: Follow the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare provider or as directed on the product label. It’s usually taken with meals to enhance absorption.
- For relief of acid indigestion, heartburn, and upset stomach: Follow the recommended dosage on the product label or as advised by your healthcare provider. It’s typically taken as needed, not exceeding the maximum daily dose.
Other uses for this medicine
In addition to its primary uses mentioned above, calcium carbonate may be used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, as well as to maintain bone health.
What special precautions should I follow?
- Before using calcium carbonate, inform your healthcare provider about any medical conditions you have, especially kidney disease, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, or a history of kidney stones.
- Inform your doctor about all the medications, vitamins, and supplements you are currently taking, as calcium carbonate may interact with certain medications.
- If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, consult your doctor before using calcium carbonate.
What special dietary instructions should I follow?
- Ensure you have an adequate intake of vitamin D, as it helps the body absorb calcium.
- Follow a balanced diet rich in calcium sources, such as dairy products, leafy greens, fortified foods, and calcium supplements if necessary.
What should I do if I forget a dose?
If you miss a dose of calcium carbonate, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
What side effects can this medication cause?
Common side effects of calcium carbonate may include:
- Constipation
- Gas or bloating
- Upset stomach
- Nausea or vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Dry mouth or increased thirst
- Headache
What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?
- Store calcium carbonate tablets, capsules, or liquid suspensions at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
- Keep the medication out of reach of children.
- Follow any specific storage instructions provided by the manufacturer or pharmacist.
- Dispose of any unused or expired medication properly according to local regulations.
In case of emergency/overdose
If you suspect an overdose or experience severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, confusion, irregular heartbeat, or fainting, seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center. Do not attempt to treat an overdose without medical guidance.