Dose and dosage: The typical starting dose of escitalopram for adults is 10 milligrams (mg) once daily, either in the morning or evening. The dosage may be adjusted by a healthcare provider based on individual response and tolerability, with a maximum recommended dose of 20 mg per day.
Frequency: Escitalopram is usually taken once daily, at the same time each day, with or without food.
Route of administration (ROA): Escitalopram is typically administered orally in tablet or liquid form.
Mechanism of action (MOA): Escitalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that works by increasing the levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter, in the brain. This helps improve mood and alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders.
Pharmacokinetics (PK): After oral administration, escitalopram is well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It undergoes hepatic metabolism via the cytochrome P450 enzyme system and is primarily eliminated in the urine.
Pharmacodynamics (PD): Escitalopram’s therapeutic effects are primarily mediated by its ability to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, leading to increased serotonin levels and enhanced neurotransmission.
Pathophysiology: Escitalopram helps alleviate symptoms associated with depression and anxiety disorders by restoring the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly serotonin, which plays a key role in regulating mood.
Indications: Escitalopram is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in adults.
Contraindications: Escitalopram is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to escitalopram or any component of the formulation. It should not be used concomitantly with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days of discontinuing MAOI therapy.
Drug interactions: Escitalopram may interact with other medications, including monoamine oxidase inhibitors, other SSRIs, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, certain antimicrobial agents, and drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system. It’s important to inform healthcare providers of all medications, supplements, and herbal products being taken to avoid potential interactions.
Precautions: Caution should be exercised when prescribing escitalopram to individuals with a history of bipolar disorder, seizures, or suicidal ideation. It may also increase the risk of bleeding, particularly when used concomitantly with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or anticoagulants.
Monitoring and laboratory tests: Healthcare providers may monitor patients taking escitalopram for signs of worsening depression, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior. Routine monitoring of liver function tests, especially in individuals with preexisting liver conditions, may also be recommended. Additionally, periodic assessment of renal function and electrolyte levels may be warranted.
Medication Information and Guidelines
Purpose: Escitalopram is prescribed to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in adults. It helps alleviate symptoms such as persistent sadness, loss of interest in daily activities, feelings of worthlessness, excessive worry, and irritability.
Usage: Take escitalopram orally as directed by your healthcare provider, usually once daily with or without food. Follow the prescribed dosage carefully and do not adjust it without consulting your doctor.
Other uses: Sometimes, healthcare providers may prescribe escitalopram for other conditions such as panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Precautions: Inform your healthcare provider about any medical conditions you have, especially if you have a history of bipolar disorder, seizures, liver or kidney problems, or a bleeding disorder. Use caution when driving or operating machinery as escitalopram may cause drowsiness or dizziness.
Dietary changes: While taking escitalopram, there are no specific dietary restrictions. However, maintaining a balanced diet and staying hydrated is important for overall health.
Missed dose: If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Side effects: Common side effects of escitalopram may include nausea, drowsiness, insomnia, dry mouth, headache, and sexual dysfunction. Notify your doctor if these side effects persist or worsen. In some cases, escitalopram may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior, especially in young adults and adolescents.
Storage and disposal: Store escitalopram at room temperature away from light and moisture. Keep it out of reach of children and pets. Do not flush unused medication down the toilet or pour it into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly dispose of any unused or expired medication by following local guidelines or consulting a pharmacist.
Emergency situation: In the event of an overdose or emergency situation, such as severe dizziness, fainting, difficulty breathing, or loss of consciousness, seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center. Be prepared to provide information about the medication you’ve taken, including the dosage and timing.