- Dose and Dosage: The dose of fluconazole can vary depending on the condition being treated. For oral thrush, the usual dose is 200 mg on the first day, followed by 100 mg once daily for 7-14 days. For vaginal yeast infections, a single dose of 150 mg is often sufficient. For other fungal infections, the dose may range from 50 mg to 400 mg daily, depending on the severity of the infection.
- Frequency: Fluconazole is typically taken once daily, but the frequency may vary based on the condition being treated and the dose prescribed by the healthcare provider.
- Route of Administration (ROA): Fluconazole is available in oral tablet, oral suspension, and intravenous (IV) formulations. The specific route of administration depends on the formulation and the severity of the infection.
- Mechanism of Action (MOA): Fluconazole works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of the fungal cell membrane. This disrupts the integrity of the fungal cell membrane, leading to cell death.
- Pharmacokinetics (PK): Fluconazole is well-absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 1-2 hours. It has good tissue penetration, including penetration into the central nervous system. The half-life of fluconazole is approximately 30 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing.
- Pharmacodynamics (PD): Fluconazole exhibits fungistatic activity, meaning it inhibits the growth and reproduction of fungi rather than killing them outright. Its efficacy is concentration-dependent.
- Pathophysiology: Fluconazole is used to treat a variety of fungal infections caused by Candida species and other susceptible fungi. These infections may affect different parts of the body, including the mouth, throat, esophagus, lungs, bloodstream, urinary tract, and genital area.
- Indications: Fluconazole is indicated for the treatment of various fungal infections, including oral thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis), vaginal yeast infections (vulvovaginal candidiasis), candidemia, disseminated candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and other fungal infections.
- Contraindications: Fluconazole is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. It should be used with caution in patients with hepatic impairment and may be contraindicated in certain situations, such as coadministration with drugs that prolong the QT interval.
- Drug Interactions: Fluconazole has the potential for numerous drug interactions, including interactions with medications that affect liver enzymes (e.g., CYP450 inhibitors and inducers), drugs that prolong the QT interval, and drugs that are substrates of CYP450 enzymes.
- Precautions: Special precautions should be taken when prescribing fluconazole to patients with hepatic impairment, renal impairment, or underlying heart conditions. Close monitoring of liver function tests may be necessary during treatment.
- Monitoring and Laboratory Tests: Monitoring parameters may include liver function tests (AST, ALT, bilirubin), renal function tests (serum creatinine, BUN), and electrolytes. Additional laboratory tests may be warranted based on the patient’s clinical presentation and medical history.
As always, it’s important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions regarding the use of fluconazole and to report any concerning symptoms or side effects promptly.
Medication Information and Guidelines
- Purpose: Fluconazole is used to treat various fungal infections, including oral thrush, vaginal yeast infections, candidemia, cryptococcal meningitis, and other fungal infections caused by Candida species and susceptible fungi.
- Usage: Fluconazole is typically taken orally as directed by your healthcare provider. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the type and severity of the fungal infection.
- Other Uses: In some cases, fluconazole may be used for prophylaxis to prevent fungal infections in patients with compromised immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplantation.
- Precautions: You should inform your healthcare provider about any allergies you have, especially to azole antifungal medications. Additionally, inform them about any other medications you are taking to avoid potential drug interactions.
- Dietary Changes: There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with fluconazole use. However, it’s always advisable to maintain a healthy diet to support your overall health and immune function.
- Missed Dose: If you forget to take a dose of fluconazole, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed dose.
- Side Effects: Common side effects of fluconazole may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, headache, and dizziness. Serious side effects are rare but may include severe allergic reactions, liver problems, and changes in heart rhythm. Contact your healthcare provider if you experience any concerning symptoms.
- Storage: Store fluconazole tablets at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Keep the medication out of reach of children and pets.
- Disposal: Dispose of any unused or expired fluconazole medication properly according to local regulations or guidelines. Do not flush it down the toilet or pour it down the drain unless instructed to do so.
- Emergency Situation: In case of an overdose or emergency situation, such as severe allergic reactions or symptoms of liver problems, seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center. Be prepared to provide information about the medication you’ve taken.